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Transsexualism as a natural diversity in human sexual formation

Different Insignia of a Person's Sex

  • CHROMOSOMAL SEX
  • GENITAL SEX (Internal and external genitalia)
  • NEUROLOGICAL SEX / 'BRAIN SEX'
  • HORMONAL SEX
  • GENETIC SEX present in plant, animal and human beings)

Examples of Sexual Diversity in Human beings

  • male external genitalia as observed at birth
    XY (Standard)
    XXY (Klinefelter Syndrome)
    XYY
    XY (Transsexualism)^

  • female external genitalia as observed at birth
    XX (Standard)
    XO (Turner Syndrome)
    XX (Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia)*^
    XY (Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome)^
    XY (Partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome)*^
    XY (5alpha-RD)*^
    XY (17beta-HSD)*
    XX (Transsexualism)^


* gross genital ambiguity may be apparent at birth
^ can be assigned to a legal sex at odds with neurological sex / gender identity due to genital appearance at birth - only observable at puberty or later

Defining Male and Female

"Recent advances in the field of the genetics of sexual development have shown the extreme complexity of defining males and females from a biological standpoint. There is no one biological parameter that clearly defines sex. The second point is that there are differences between male and female brains very early in development. This suggests that the sexualization of the brain happens very early during embryonic life. The last point is that significant minorities of individuals are left out of simple civil rights because they don't fit established categories of sex."
Dr Eric Vilain, paediatrician, Chief of Medical Genetics at the University of California USA. ABC Radio National 'The Health Report' 14.03.2005

"And what I began to realise very early on is that in order to discover who or what a child is or for that matter who or what an adult is you have to ask them…I have a six year old, two seven year olds, (and) two eight year olds who spontaneously declare it (a sex different from that assigned based upon genitalia). They say "I'm a boy and I don't know how you could not know that…" and sometimes they'll start just saying "My name is Bob…"
Dr. William Reiner, child psychiatrist, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center ABC Radio National 'The Health Report' 14.03.2005

"Traditionally an individual's primary sex characteristic is the person's gonads. It is now understood that an individual's gonads or other characteristics frequently do not correspond with other features of self and variations are common. And this is the case in conditions of transsexuality and intersex (and transsexuality can be considered a form of intersexuality).."
Professors M Diamond & H G Beh "Ethics & Gender: The Right to be Wrong" University of Hawaii (publication pending)

"In my view the expert evidence in this case affirms that brain development is (at least) an important determinant of a person's sense of being a man or a woman. No contrary opinion is expressed. All the experts are very well qualified."

and

"In my view the evidence demonstrates (at least on the balance of probabilities) that the characteristics of transsexuals are as much "biological" as those of people thought of as inter-sex."
Chisholm J - at paragraphs 247 and 272 respectively - Re Kevin: Validity of Marriage of Transsexual (2001) 28 Fam LR 158; [2001] FamCA 1074